Ombrothermic Map of Greece — ERA5-Land 1995–2025

The application concerns an interactive climate map of Greece, based on the ERA5-Land reanalysis dataset (ECMWF / Copernicus C3S), covering the period 1995–2025 at a spatial resolution of 0.1ο (approximately 9 – 11 km). By clicking anywhere on the map, a Walter–Lieth ombrothermic diagram is generated, illustrating the seasonal relationship between temperature and precipitation for the reference period. Users also retrieve separate information about the relevant summary statistics, i.e.:

  • Mean, minimum and maximum monthly air temperature,
  • Mean monthly total precipitation,
  • Mean annual temperature,
  • Total annual precipitation,
  • Warmest month,
  • Duration of the xerothermic period(number of months where precipitation in mm falls below twice the mean temperature in °C, i.e. P < 2T).

Grid cells with no ERA5-Land land coverage, such as open sea and some small coastal islands, are indicated as N/A.

The map is freely available through Forest Research Institute’s website. It aims to support a broad range of users, including researchers, forest managers, land-use planners, environmental consultants, agricultural technicians and individuals. It can be used for the characterization of local climatic conditions in Greece, the assessment of aridity patterns and drought seasonality, the support of species distribution and habitat modelling, the more effective afforestation and reforestation planning, the evaluation of habitat suitability and for providing climatological data for environmental impact assessments. Users should be aware that, while ERA5-Land temperature data are generally reliable at this resolution, precipitation estimates carry greater uncertainty, particularly in areas of complex terrain such as mountainous regions, where orographic effects are not fully resolved at the given spatial resolution. Precipitation values should be treated as indicative rather than definitive and cross-validated with station observations where available.

The map was constructed by Dr. Nikolaos Markos, Forest Research Institute, ELGO-DIMITRA. For more information contact: nmarkos@elgo.gr · Tel. 2310 461172 (Ext. 237).

Data source: Muñoz-Sabater, J., Dutra, E., Agustí-Panareda, A., Albergel, C., Arduini, G., Balsamo, G., Boussetta, S., Choulga, M., Harrigan, S., Hersbach, H., Martens, B., Miralles, D. G., Piles, M., Rodríguez-Fernández, N. J., Zsoter, E., Buontempo, C., and Thépaut, J.-N. (2021). ERA5-Land: a state-of-the-art global reanalysis dataset for land applications. Earth System Science Data, 13, 4349–4383. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4349-2021

See the map : greece_ombrothermic_map